Non-Stoichiometric Defects 1

Analysis shows that nickel oxide has the formula Ni_{_0.98}O_{_1.00} . What fractions of nickel exist as Ni^²⁺ and Ni^³⁺ ions?

1 Answers

The formula shows that Ni:O =0.98:1.00 or 98:100
thus if there are 100 O atoms , then Ni atoms =98

charge on 100 O^2- ions =-200
suppose Ni atoms as Ni²⁺=x
then Ni atoms as Ni³⁺=98-x

Total charge on Ni²⁺ and Ni³⁺

=(+2)x +(+3)(98-x)
=294 - x

As metal oxide is neutral , total charge on cations =total charge on anions

294-x =200

x=94

% of Ni as Ni²⁺=94*100/98 = 95.9

% of Ni as Ni³⁺=100 - 95.9 =4.1

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